It causes severe attenuation which increases with increased frequency of the waves. Signals over large distances are not sent using this method. This type of propagation employs the use of large antennas order of which is equivalent to the wavelength of the waves and uses the ground or Troposphere for its propagation. Used for a low-frequency range transmission, mostly less than 1 MHz. These layers are used for propagation of EM waves and that EM waves travel basically in any 1 of the three methods discussed below: a. Now let us study some methods of propagation of EM waves: Mesosphere, Troposphere, Ionosphere are the different layers. This causes a stream of high-velocity electrons to hit a target anode mostly tungsten or another metal depending on the type of wavelength required.Īs the electrons collide with the target they transmit the high energy they possess in form of photons to the anode thus generating Xrays. X rays are generated inside an Xray tube which is nothing but a tube with a vacuum that has a high potential difference at its ends. They find a wide variety of applications ranging from medical purposes like detection of an anomaly inside a body to security at airports or public places. Xrays are electromagnetic waves having a wavelength range of 0.001 nanometers to 10 nanometers ( 1 nanometre =10^-9 meter). To study the electromagnetic wave propagation let us study the example of production of X rays. The wavelength(λ) and frequency (v) of the EM waves can be related as:

Electromagnetic Waves undergo interference and diffraction.

Electromagnetic waves are not deflected by electric or magnetic field.Electromagnetic waves travel in a transverse form.These waves do not require any medium for propagation.These waves travel at the speed of light.Properties of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation You can download Communication Systems Sheet by clicking on the download button below Basic Terminology Used in Communication Systems.

Browse more Topics under Communication Systems Let us have a look at the properties of electromagnetic wave propagation. Like all waveforms, these have some properties as well. The direction of the propagation of such waves is perpendicular to the direction of the force of either of these fields as seen in the above figure. In simple words, electromagnetic waves are oscillations produced due to crossing over of an electric and a magnetic field. What is Electromagnetic Wave Propagation?Įlectromagnetic Waves also called Electromagnetic Radiations are basically defined as superimposed oscillations of an Electric and a Magnetic Field in space with their direction of propagation perpendicular to both of them.

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